Moed Katan 21

Chapter 21

א ליריד של עכו"ם ולוקחים בהמה עבדים ושפחות בתים שדות וכרמים וכותב ומעלה בערכאות שלהן מפני שהוא כמציל מידן
1 to a heathen fair and buy cattle, male and female slaves, houses, fields and vineyards, and draw up contracts and have them registered at their Registry Offices,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Archives.');"><sup>1</sup></span> because it is [practically] like rescuing something of which they [the heathens] had got possession.
ב רב שרא לחייא בר אשי למיגדל אוהרי בחולא דמועדא מאי טעמא מעשה הדיוט הוא אבל איזלי אסור מאי טעמא מעשה אומן הוא
2 Rab permitted R'Hiyya B'Ashi to mend basket-traps<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For fish or fowl.');"><sup>2</sup></span> during the festival week.
ג רב יהודה שרא לאמי תנורא למיגדל תנורי ולרב' בר עשבי למיגדל מהולתא איני והא תני רבה בר שמואל ושוין שאין גודלין תנור לכתחילה לא קשיא כאן בימות החמה כאן בימות הגשמים:
3 What is the reason? - It is ordinary [unskilled] work; but [to mend] mesh-nets is forbidden. What is the reason?
ד <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> עושין מעקה לגג ולמרפסת מעשה הדיוט אבל לא מעשה אומן שפין את הסדקין ומעגילין אותן במעגילה ביד וברגל אבל לא במחלצים
4 It is work of craftsmanship. Rab Judah allowed Ammi the ovenmaker to put up ovens and Rabbah B'Ashbi he allowed to plait sieves.
ה הציר והצינור והקורה והמנעול והמפתח שנשברו מתקנן במועד ובלבד שלא יתכוין לעשות מלאכתו במועד
5 But this cannot be [correct], as Rabbah B'Samuel learned: And all [authorities] are agreed that an oven may not be set up for the first time [during the festival week]! - There is no difficulty [here]: The former ruling obtains during the 'warm season'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Passover time, when the clay very soon dries and the oven may be used forthwith.');"><sup>3</sup></span> while the latter ruling obtains in the 'rainy season'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time of Tabernacles, when the rain delays its use, hence the work is untimely during the festival week.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו וכל כבשין שהוא יכול לאכול מהן במועד כובשן:
6 <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>A PARAPET MAY BE PUT ROUND A ROOF OR [A RAILING ROUND] A GALLERY ROUGHLY BUT NOT IN FINISHED STYLE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the work of an ordinary man but not that of a craftsman'.');"><sup>5</sup></span> PLASTER MAY BE SMEARED ON THE CREVICES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the roof, which was flat and sloping slightly towards the edges to allow the rain to run off'. Cf. Bez. 9a.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> היכי דמי מעשה הדיוט רב יוסף אמר בהוצא ודפנא במתניתא תנא צר בצרור ואינו טח בטיט:
7 AND FLATTENED DOWN WITH A ROLLER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A leveller, so called because of its round shape. It was made of a piece of round log with a long handle fixed at right angles, by which it was drawn to and fro, like our broom. Sometimes it was a flat stone with the edges rounded on moved in a circular motion by a long handle. V. Rashi, Mak. 7a, (Sonc. ed. p. 38) .');"><sup>7</sup></span> WITH HAND OR FOOT, BUT NOT WITH RAMMING TOOLS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pressing tools; Roman pavicula.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ח שפין את הסדקין ומעגילין אותן במעגילה: השתא במעגילה אמרת שרי ביד וברגל מיבעיא הכי קאמר שפין את הסדקין ומעגילין אותן כעין מעגילה ביד וברגל אבל לא במחלצים:
8 PIVOTS AND SOCKETS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The doors of the ancients did not hang on hinges, but turned on wedgeshaped pins which fitted into a hollow, or metal ring fixed into the threshold and lintel. V. Krauss, T.A. I, 36ff');"><sup>9</sup></span> LINTELS, LATCHES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All made of wood. Cf. 'Er. 101a.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ט הציר והצינור והקורה והמנעול והמפתח שנשברו מתקנן במועד: ורמינהי עד ימיו היה פטיש מכה בירושלים כו' עד ימיו אין מכאן ואילך לא
9 BOLT-LOCKS AND DOOR-HANDLES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All made of wood. Cf. 'Er. 101a.');"><sup>10</sup></span> THAT HAVE GIVEN WAY MAY BE REPAIRED DURING THE FESTIVAL [WEEK], ONLY THEY MUST NOT BE LEFT PURPOSELY FOR THE FESTIVAL [WEEK]; AND ALL PRESERVES THAT MAY BE EATABLE IN THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] ONE MAY PUT IN PICKLE.
י לא קשיא כאן בדנפחי כאן בדנגרי
10 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What, for instance, is meant by putting up a parapet or railing 'roughly'? - R'Joseph explained: [Something like a fence of] palm-leaves and daphne-stakes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like a hurdle or hedge fixed temporarily. Daphne is a dwarf shrub often used for hedges.');"><sup>11</sup></span> A Tanna taught: One may pile up rubble without daubing with clay.
יא מתקיף לה רב חסדא יאמרו קלא רבה אסיר קלא זוטר שרי אלא אמר רב חסדא לא קשיא הא במגלי הא בחציני רב פפא אמר כאן קודם גזירה כאן לאחר גזירה
11 PLASTER MAY BE SMEARED ON THE CREVICES AND FLATTENED DOWN WITH A ROLLER, WITH HAND OR FOOT, BUT NOT WITH RAMMING TOOLS. Now, if you say it is allowed to flatten down with a roller, need one [be told] 'with hand or foot'? - What it means is: One may smear [plaster on] the crevices and flatten down as with a roller, by hand or foot, but not with ramming-tools.
יב רב אשי אמר הא ר' יהודה הא ר' יוסי דאמר ר' יצחק בר אבדימי מאן תנא שינוי במועד בדבר האבד דלא כר' יוסי
12 PIVOTS AND SOCKETS, LINTELS, LATCHES, BOLT-LOCKS AND DOOR-HANDLES THAT HAVE GIVEN WAY MAY BE REPAIRED DURING THE FESTIVAL [WEEK]. Some contrasted this with [the following]: 'Up to his days,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to the High Priest, John Hyrcanus I, one of the Maccabean princes. Cf. Sot. 17a.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יג אמר רבינא כמאן מדלינן האידנא קביותא דדשא בחולא דמועדא כמאן כר' יוסי:
13 the hammer was beating in Jerusalem during the festival [week].' , [that is], 'up to his days', but not thereafter!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas here the Mishnah permits its use!');"><sup>13</sup></span> - [Said R'Huna]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יד כבשין שהוא יכול לאכול במועד כובשן: בדיתא לבאי כוורי אזיל כולי עלמא צוד אייתו כוורא שרא להו רבא למימלח מינייהו
14 that is not difficult [to explain]; the reference the is to the smith's [hammer],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Publicly plied in the forge.');"><sup>15</sup></span> while here [the tool allowed] is the joiner's [mallet].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Privately, in the house.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
טו אמר ליה אביי והא תנן כבשין שהוא יכול לאכול מהן במועד כובשן אמר ליה כיון דמעיקרא אדעתא דאכילה אייתינהו ואי שביק להו פסדי כפרקמטיא האבד דמי ושרי
15 R'Hisda demurred to this [explanation] as according to this some will say that a loud din is forbidden, [but] a faint sound is allowed. No, said R'Hisda, it is not difficult [to explain]: One [the tool allowed here] is the bill-hook<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A gardener's tool for a piece of joinery.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
טז ואיכא דאמרי שרי להו רבא מיצד מיזל אייתויי ומימלח אמר ליה אביי והא אנן כבשין שהוא יכול לאכול מהן כובשן תנן
16 and the other [which is not allowed] is an adze.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The regular artisan's tool.');"><sup>18</sup></span> R'Papa said that in one statement we have the [older view held] before the restriction [had been introduced] and in the other the [later] view held after the restriction [was introduced].
יז אמר ליה הני נמי מיתאכלי אגב איצצא כי הא דשמואל עבדו ליה שיתין איצצי ואכל רבא איקלע לבי ריש גלותא עבדי ליה שיתין איצצי ואכל
17 R'Ashi said that one [Mishnah] expresses R'Judah's view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the stricter view, as he forbids exertion and only allows it where loss is threatened. Cf. supra 2a, p. 3.');"><sup>19</sup></span> and the other R'Jose's; for R'Isaac B'Abdimi said: 'Who may be the [anonymous] Tanna that [holds] that work must be done in a different way from the ordinary<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., by using an improvised tool, or be satisfied with a temporary adjustment.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יח רב איקלע לבי רב שפיר אייתו לקמייהו ההוא כוורא תילתא בישולא תילתא מילחא ותילתא טוויא
18 [in working] during the festival [week] even where its [postponement would entail] loss? Not R'Jose'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra ');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יט אמר רב אמר לי אדא ציידא כוורא סמוך למיסרחיה מעלי ואמר רב אמר לי אדא ציידא כוורא טווייא באחוה אסוקיה באבוה מיכלי בבריה אשתי עליה אבוה
19 Rabina said, Whose ruling do we follow nowadays when we raise the pivot-cups<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or the cavity which receives the bolt. Cf. Ar. Compl. s.v. VI, 161b. There are different readings. htck t,hsc');"><sup>22</sup></span> of the doors during the festival week? - R'Jose's.
כ ואמר רב אמר לי אדא ציידא כוורא תחלי וחלבא ליטעון גופא ולא ליטעון פוריא ואמר רב אמר לי אדא ציידא כוורא תחלי וחלבא מיא ולא שיכרא שיכרא ולא חמרא:
20 AND ALL PRESERVES THAT MAY BE EATABLE IN THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] ONE MAY PUT IN PICKLE. On Baditha Luba,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' i.e., the canal Baditha near Luba on the northern Euphrates, v. Obermeyer, p. 311.]');"><sup>23</sup></span>
כא <br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך משקין:</strong></big><br><br>
21 everybody engaged in fishing and they brought in fish,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The time of flood in Mesopotamia is between March and May and there was therefore at Passover-time a plentiful supply of fish in the streams.');"><sup>24</sup></span> and Raba allowed to put them in salt. Said Abaye to him: But [why]? We learned: PRESERVES THAT MAY BE EATABLE IN THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] ONE MAY PUT IN PICKLE? - Said he [Raba] to him, Since they brought them home with the intention of eating them and if they leave them [uneaten] they will be spoilt, it is similar to [a case of] business that might be lost and is therefore permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra ');"><sup>25</sup></span> And some say that Raba [actually] allowed them to him, But surely we learned: PRESERVES THAT MAY BE EATABLE go fishing,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ab initio, or to purchase fish, i.e., to take advantage of the opportunity.');"><sup>26</sup></span> fetch the fish home and put them in salt. Said Abaye to IN THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] ONE MAY PUT IN PICKLE! - Said he [Raba] to him, These may be eaten [also] by means of 'pressing', as was the case with Samuel when they applied pressure [to the fish in salt] sixty times<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sixty is a Babylonian unit, e.g., sixty minutes an hour, a minute sixty seconds etc. and is used often as conventionally as here for 'ever so many times'.');"><sup>27</sup></span> and he ate [thereof]. When Raba [himself] once happened to be at the house of the Exilarch,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Resh Galutha. The official head of the Jewish community in Babylon, an office held in succession by descendants of the royal house of David, and recognized by the Government. It was, in this distance, either Mar Huna III or Abba son of Mar 'Ukban III, to both of whom Raba was official adviser on religious matters. V. W. Bacher's article, Jew. Encycl. V, 289, s.v. Exilarch.');"><sup>28</sup></span> they prepared for him [a dish of fish] pressed sixty times and he ate it. Rab was [on a festival week] once at Bar-Shappir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M. Piruz-Shabur = Perisaboras was however rebuilt and so named later by Sapor II. Cf. Obermeyer p. 226.');"><sup>29</sup></span> [Perissabora? ] where they put before him some kind of fish [which was] a third boiled, a third salted and a third broiled. Rab said, Adda the fisherman told me that a fish is at its best when it is about to turn putrid. Rab also said this, Adda the fisherman told me: Broil the fish with his brother [salt], plunge it into its father [water], eat it with its son [sauce] and drink after it its father [water]. This too Rab said: A the fisherman told me: [After eating] fish, cress and milk occupy your body, don't occupy your couch.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., move about and do not lie down to sleep.');"><sup>30</sup></span> And furthermore said Rab, Adda the fisherman told the: [After] fish, cress and milk drink [rather] water, not mead;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A fermented beverage made of dates used in Babylon.');"><sup>31</sup></span> mead and not wine. [